{"id":504,"date":"2025-11-02T23:55:07","date_gmt":"2025-11-02T23:55:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abuelosdetexas.com\/?p=504"},"modified":"2025-12-15T23:32:03","modified_gmt":"2025-12-15T23:32:03","slug":"cristobal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abuelosdetexas.com\/?p=504","title":{"rendered":"Crist\u00f3bal Col\u00f3n &#8220;Christopher Columbus&#8221; (1451\u20131506)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>The Untaught History of Columbus<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Christopher Columbus is believed by some scholars to have had Sephardic Jewish ancestry, though this remains debated. Like many individuals in late-15th-century Spain, he identified publicly as a Christian during a period when conversion and concealment of ancestry were common due to religious and social pressures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1492: Columbus sailed west under the Spanish Crown and reached Caribbean islands, believing he had arrived in the Indies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1493\u20131496: Columbus led a second voyage to the Caribbean, during which permanent Spanish settlements were established. The Spanish colonial presence expanded, and systems of labor and tribute were imposed on Indigenous populations, leading to widespread complaints and unrest.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1496\u20131499: During subsequent voyages and administrations, reports from friars and royal officials raised concerns about governance, treatment of Indigenous peoples, and conflicts between colonists and colonial authorities. These reports were sent to the Spanish Crown and contributed to growing scrutiny of Columbus\u2019s rule.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1500: King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella appointed Francisco de Bobadilla as royal commissioner with authority to investigate complaints regarding Columbus\u2019s administration in the Indies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Francisco de Bobadilla arrested Columbus and his brothers, Bartolom\u00e9 and Diego, placed them in chains, and sent them back to Spain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Columbus arrived in Spain in chains and under detention, which caused concern at court.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>By royal order, the chains were removed, and Columbus was released from physical custody while his conduct was subjected to royal review and investigation, during which his actions and movements were constrained by court protocol.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>During the investigation, Columbus was removed from his position as governor and barred from holding administrative authority in the Indies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Columbus\u2019s personal liberty was restored, though he remained under royal judgment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He was not reinstated as governor of the Indies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Columbus lost his administrative authority in the New World.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He retained his title as Admiral of the Ocean Sea.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He continued to petition the Crown for the rights, offices, and revenues promised to him.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These legal disputes continued after his death and were pursued by his heirs in the Pleitos Colombinos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Lineage Columbus to the Esparza Sisters<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>G1 \u2014 <\/strong>Crist\u00f3bal Col\u00f3n (Christopher Columbus) (1451\u20131506)<br>Admiral of the Ocean Sea; Discoverer of the New World. Was later was arrested and sent back to Spain in chains in 1500. Was accused for his failure as governor of Hispaniola and inability to control his armys treatment, brutality, mismanagement, and abuse of power over the Indigenous people which Queen Isabella consider citizens of her kingdom and therefore children of God who had unalienable equal rights. <br>Married Do\u00f1a Filipa Moniz de Perestrelo, Portuguese noblewoman.<br><strong>\u2514\u2500\u2500 G2 \u2014 <\/strong>Diego Col\u00f3n, 1st Duke of Veragua (1480\u20131526)<br>2nd Admiral of the Indies; Viceroy of the Indies for 15 years.<br>Married Do\u00f1a Mar\u00eda de Toledo y Rojas (1508), niece of the 2nd Duke of Alba.<br><strong>\u2514\u2500\u2500 G3 \u2014 <\/strong>Crist\u00f3bol Col\u00f3n y Toledo (1523\u20131571)<br>Died off the coast of Peru.<br>Married Magdalena de Anaya y Guzm\u00e1n (daughter of Francisco Gir\u00f3n Villasandino, Chief Constable of Hispaniola).<br><strong>\u2514\u2500\u2500 G4 \u2014 <\/strong>Mar\u00eda Col\u00f3n y Anaya (d. Bef. 1604)<br>Married Judge Luis de \u00c1vila.<br><strong>\u2514\u2500\u2500 G5 \u2014 <\/strong>Magdalena de \u00c1vila y Col\u00f3n (b. 20 Jul 1591, Santo Domingo)<br>Married [Unknown Spanish colonial official or settler]<br><strong>\u2514\u2500\u2500 G6 \u2014 <\/strong>Juana de \u00c1vila Col\u00f3n (b. c.1615\u20131620, New Spain)<br>Likely moved to mainland New Spain during colonial expansion.<br>Married [Unknown] possibly from merchant or minor noble family.<br><strong>\u2514\u2500\u2500 G7 \u2014 <\/strong>Francisca de Montoya \u00c1vila (b. c.1640\u20131645)<br>Generation active during expansion into northern Mexico due to disease, famine, and drought in the interior. <br>Married [Unknown], likely connected to mining, ranching, missionary families in the regional migration.<br><strong>\u2514\u2500\u2500 G8 \u2014 <\/strong>Juana L\u00f3pez de Le\u00f3n (b. c.1665\u20131670)<br>Generation settling in Coahuila\/Nuevo Le\u00f3n region.<br>Married [Unknown] P\u00e9rez, possibly connected to presidio families.<br><strong>\u2514\u2500\u2500 G9 \u2014 <\/strong>Catalina P\u00e9rez y L\u00f3pez (b. c.1690\u20131695)<br>Married [Unknown] de Le\u00f3n, family establishing in Monterrey\/Saltillo region.<br><strong>\u2514\u2500\u2500 G10 \u2014 <\/strong>Mat\u00edas de Le\u00f3n P\u00e9rez (b. c.1715\u20131720)<br>Married [Unknown] Gal\u00e1n, connecting to the Gal\u00e1n family line of Coahuila.<br><strong>\u2514\u2500\u2500 G11 \u2014<\/strong> Joaqu\u00edn Cayetano Gal\u00e1n (1727\u20131808)<br>Married [Unknown] S\u00e1nchez.<br><strong>\u2514\u2500\u2500 G12 \u2014 <\/strong>Mar\u00eda Encarnaci\u00f3n Gal\u00e1n S\u00e1nchez (1755\u20131821)<br>Married Villarreal of the prominent Villarreal family of Nuevo Le\u00f3n.<br><strong>\u2514\u2500\u2500 G13 \u2014<\/strong> Mar\u00eda Felicidad Gal\u00e1n Villarreal (1794\u20131858)<br>Married Pedro Jos\u00e9 Guajardo Esparza (1792\u20131879)<br>m: 06 Feb 1809. Descendants of San Pedro de Carricitos Land Grant. Founders of La Encantada Ranch named for the Sabina Groves on Rio Grande.<br><strong>\u2514\u2500\u2500 G14 \u2014<\/strong> Carlos Villarreal Esparza (1828\u20131885)<br>Married Francisca Benavides Garc\u00eda (1834\u20131914)<br>m: 30 Jan 1850. Descendants of San Pedro de Carricitos Land Grant.<br><strong>\u2514\u2500\u2500 G15 \u2014<\/strong> Antonio Garc\u00eda Esparza (1865\u20131935)<br>Married Mar\u00eda Hilaria Cavazos Reyes (1870\u20131945)<br>m: 24 Apr 1887. Descendants of San Juan de Carricitos Land Grant, Esp\u00edritu Santo Land Grant, San Pedro de Carricitos Land Grant,<br><strong>\u2514\u2500\u2500 G16 \u2014 <\/strong>Samuel Reyes Esparza (1911\u20131980)<br>Married Ignacia Cortez Rodr\u00edguez (1916\u20131996). Founders of El Ranchito.<br><strong>\u2514\u2500\u2500 G17 \u2014 <\/strong>The Esparza Sisters<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\"><strong>A Well-Made Educational Video by History Teacher Will Brown on Columbus<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Christopher Columbus: What They Didn&#039;t Teach in School\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/G9bQELFIWZg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Untaught History of Columbus Christopher Columbus is believed by some scholars to have had Sephardic Jewish ancestry, though this remains debated. Like many individuals in late-15th-century Spain, he identified publicly as a Christian during a period when conversion and concealment of ancestry were common due to religious and social pressures. Lineage Columbus to the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1725,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-504","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-our-people"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/abuelosdetexas.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/504","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/abuelosdetexas.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/abuelosdetexas.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abuelosdetexas.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abuelosdetexas.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=504"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/abuelosdetexas.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/504\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1749,"href":"https:\/\/abuelosdetexas.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/504\/revisions\/1749"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abuelosdetexas.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1725"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/abuelosdetexas.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=504"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abuelosdetexas.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=504"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abuelosdetexas.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=504"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}