Father: Cristóbal de Oñate
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Mother: Catalina de Salazar y de la Cadena
Origins: Born in Zacatecas, New Spain; son of Cristóbal de Oñate (a Basque conquistador and mining magnate, co-founder of Guadalajara) and Catalina de Salazar y de la Cadena.
Marriage: Wed Isabel de Tolosa Cortés de Moctezuma, granddaughter of Hernán Cortés and great-granddaughter of Emperor Moctezuma II.
Expedition: In 1598, led the colonizing expedition north into present-day New Mexico, establishing the first permanent Spanish settlement at San Juan de los Caballeros.
Governance: Served as the first governor of New Mexico (1598–1607)
Lineage of Oñate de la Cadena y Esparza
G1 — Don Cristóbal de Oñate (1504–1567) — Basque conquistador; co-founder of Guadalajara silver mines.
Married Doña Catalina de Salazar y de la Cadena.
└── G2 — Don Juan de Oñate y Salazar (1550–1626) — Founder & first Governor of New Mexico.
Married Doña Isabel de Tolosa Cortés de Moctezuma (granddaughter of Hernán Cortés & Doña Isabel Moctezuma).
└── G3 — Don Cristóbal de Oñate Cortés-Moctezuma (b. c.1575 – d. c.1640)
Married Doña Leonor de Carvajal (Saltillo Carvajal kin).
└── G4 — Don Alonso de Oñate y Carvajal (b. c.1600 – d. c.1670)
Married Doña María de la Cadena y Navarro (treasurers of New Spain / Navarro of Castile).
└── G5 — Don Alonso de la Cadena Oñate (b. c.1620 – d. c.1685, Monterrey)
Married Doña María de Treviño Montemayor (Treviño–Montemayor founders of Monterrey).
— This union bridges the Oñate–de la Cadena and Montemayor–Treviño founders of Nuevo León.
└── G6 — Luisa de la Garza González (1633–1682)
Married Antonio Uribe de la Cadena Vergara (1625–1678).
— Re-joins Oñate–de la Cadena with de la Garza–Treviño founders.
└── G7 — Juana Uribe de la Cadena de la Garza (1665–1732)
Married Alonso Martínez Guajardo (1660–1728), progenitor of the Guajardo line in Lampazos/Nuevo Santander.
└── G8 — Francisco Guajardo (b. ca.1695)
Married María Quintanilla (Quintanilla landholding family of Monterrey).
└── G9 — Juan Bartolomé Guajardo García (1693–1763)
Married María Margarita Rodríguez de Montemayor (direct Montemayor-founder descent; links to Capt. Diego Rodríguez de Montemayor).
└── G10 — Francisco Javier García Guajardo (1724–1797)
Great-grandson of Capt. Diego Rodríguez de Montemayor (1530–1610), founder & first governor of Monterrey (1596); grandson of Capt. Diego Rodríguez de Montemayor y Porcallo (c.1560–c.1616), governor of Nuevo León.
Married María Josefa Saldua Quintanilla (1721–1806).
└── G11 — María Rita Guajardo Quintanilla (b. 12 May 1750, Monterrey – d. Lampazos)
Married Manuel Elijio Esparza Aríspe (b. 13 Apr 1730, Saltillo – d. Lampazos) m: 27 Apr 1775 (San Juan Bautista, Lampazos).
— Family tradition notes “Padre Pedro Esparza” officiated marriage/baptisms at Lampazos mission.
└── G12 — Pedro José Guajardo Esparza (b. 04 Mar 1792, Lampazos – d. 1879, La Encantada Ranch, Cameron Co., TX)
Married Felicidad Galán Villarreal (1794–1858) m: 06 Feb 1809.
└── G13 — Carlos Villarreal Esparza (1828–1885)
Married Francisca Benavides García (1834–1914) m: 30 Jan 1850.
└── G14 — Antonio García Esparza (1865–1935)
Married María Hilaria Cavazos Reyes (1870–1945) m: 24 Apr 1887.
└── G15 — Samuel Reyes Esparza (1911–1980)
Married Ignacia Cortez Rodríguez (1916–1996)
└── G16 — The Esparza Sisters
Affiliated Kinships:
• Captain Marcos Alonso de la Garza y Arcon (1560–1629) — contemporary ally of Oñate; early colonist of Saltillo/Monterrey. (Parallel founder line, not a child of G5.)
• Captain Blas de la Garza Falcón (Treviño) (ca. 1591–1669) — patriarch of the de la Garza Falcón lineage; ancestral to Luisa de la Garza González (G6).
• Montemayor Founders — Capt. Diego Rodríguez de Montemayor (1530–1610) and Capt. Diego Rodríguez de Montemayor y Porcallo (c.1560–c.1616) feed into the line via María Margarita Rodríguez de Montemayor (spouse of Juan Bartolomé Guajardo García, G9).
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